Exposure to acute stress affects the retrieval of out-group related bias in healthy men

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Abstract

Individuals have a tendency to show enhanced vigilance to groups of which they themselves are not a member. Stress can up-regulate hypervigilance towards threatening stimuli and was shown to promote the reinstatement of out-group related biases in a previous study conducted in women only. The current study examines how exposure to acute stress affects the retrieval of out-group related extinction biases in male participants. Results showed that men exerted a specific out-group related bias at the beginning of extinction training indexed by higher skin conductance responses (SCRs) towards out-group faces, while stress led to a return of this extinguished out-group bias. Specifically, the stress group showed higher SCRs towards out-group faces during retrieval compared to the control group and the bias index was negatively related to post-stress cardiovascular recovery. These results indicate the important interaction between stress and intergroup bias in fear conditioning, along with a potential modulation of sex.

ID 221

Authors

Dong-ni Pan, Ruhr University Bochum, Germany; Chinese Academy of Sciences, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, China Oliver T. Wolf, Department of Cognitive Psychology, Institute of Cognitive Neuroscience, Faculty of Psychology, Ruhr University Bochum, Germany Christian J. Merz, Department of Cognitive Psychology, Institute of Cognitive Neuroscience, Faculty of Psychology, Ruhr University Bochum, Germany

Year

2021

DOI of Publication

10.1016/j.biopsycho.2021.108210

Persistent Identifier to Dataset

10.17605/OSF.IO/X2AV9

Where was the data collected?

Ruhr University Bochum, Germany

How to Cite

Merz, C. J. (2025, December 9). Stress and outgroup related bias. https://doi.org/10.17605/OSF.IO/X2AV9

Participant Information

Participant Age

Participant Sex

Experimental Group

Stress Group: - participants performed the Socially Evaluated Cold-Pressor Test (SECPT) on day 2 before retrieval and re-extinction Control Group: - participants immersed their hands in warm water on day 2 before retrieval and re-extinction

Stimuli

Drug Administration

No

Conditioning Protocol

Differential

Instructions CS-US Contingencies

Partially instructed (whole exp)

Number of Different US

1

US Modality

electrotactile

Number of Different CS+

2

CS+ 1: Reinforcement Rate (%)

62.5

CS+ 2: Reinforcement Rate (%)

62.5

CS+ 3: Reinforcement Rate (%)

Number of Different CS-

2

CS Modality

visual

Data Collected During MRI

No

Physiological Measures

measured trialwise & untransformed

Skin Conductance Response

Yes Yes

Skin Conductance Level

No No

Pupil Size

No No

Fear Potentiated Startle/Startle EMG

No No

Heart Rate

No No

Ratings

US Expectancy

No

US Intensity Rating

No

CS Valence

Yes

CS Arousal

Yes

CS Fear

No

CS Stress

No

CS Anxiety

No

Contingency Awareness

No

Questionnaires